Probability, Various Poker Hands

Various Poker Hands

What are the odds that 5 cards, drawn at random, will form a straight flush, or a full house?  These poker questions are mostly combinatorics.  There are 52 choose 5 or 2598960 possible hands.  With this as a common denominator, we only need find the number of hands in each category.

A straight flush consists of 5 cards in sequence, all of the same suit.  There are 4 suits, and the sequence can start with anything from ace to 10 inclusive.  That's 4×10 = 40 possibilities.

A straight is merely an ascending sequence, with the suit unconstrained.  There are 10×45 = 10240 straights, but we should really subtract the straight flushes, leaving 10200 proper straights.

A flush consists of 5 cards of the same suit.  There are 4 suits, and 13 choose 5 combinations in each.  Multiply this out and subtract 40, giving 5108 flushes.

If you want four of a kind, pick a rank with all four suits represented, then any other card.  That's 13×48 = 624.

A full house requires 3 of one rank and 2 of another.  That's 13×4 times 12×6 = 3744.

Three of a kind selects a suit, and 3 from that suit, which is 13×4.  Then select any two other cards, 48 choose 2, then take away the full houses.  The result is 54912.

For two pair, select two ranks, 13 choose 2, and 2 cards for each, 6×6.  Then bring in one of the remaining 44 cards, giving 123552.

Finally we have a pair.  Choose a rank and two cards from that rank, 13×6.  Then choose 3 ranks from the remaining 12, and any of 4 cards for each.  This gives 1098240.

Here is a summary of the hands, starting with the best.  Remember the common denominator of 2.6 million.

Straight flush = 40
Four of a kind = 624
Full house = 3744
Flush = 5108
Straight = 10200
Three of a kind = 54912
Two pair = 123552
Pair = 1098240